The semantic of the <abbr> HTML tag

W3C HTML specification defines ABBR tag as

ABBR:
Indicates an abbreviated form (e.g., WWW, HTTP, URI, Mass., etc.).

Example:

1.5 <abbr title="Liter">l.</abbr>

This example will render (move your mouse over the string l.) as: 1.5 l.

How Jaws can correctly read <abbr> title?

By default, Jaws does not read the title of the abbr tag but only the abbreviation itself. I think it is a nonsense because this option should be turned on by default.

Activating this option is quite simple. Just follow the steps below:

1. Open Jaws
2. Open the Configuration Manager in the Utilities menu
3. Choose HTML Options in the Set Options menu
4. Check the Expand Abbreviations box
5. Et voilà!

There are lots of articles and resources on the Internet which talk about the theory of the accessibility matter. However, there are not many technical articles which explain how the standards are really implemented or how a web developer has to implement them.

This first article focuses on how to give the… focus on a non-focusable HTML element with jQuery.

It extends (and I hope, completes) the original article written by C. Blouch and published on the Donald F. Evans’s website.

The theory

Giving the focus to a non-focusable HTML element seems to be quite simple. Many articles on the Web were written about it.

To summarize them, you only have to :

1. Set the tabindex attribute of the selected element to -1
2. Give the focus to the DOM node with the JavaScript method .focus()

Quite simple, isn’t it?

In fact, after doing few tests with Jaws, it demonstrates that it does not really work that way…

The reality

By default, only a few HTML elements are focusable like anchors or form inputs.
So, in order to give the focus to a non-focusable HTML element correctly, don’t forget to add an important third step:

1. Set the tabindex attribute of the selected element to -1
2. Give the focus to the DOM node with the JavaScript method focus()
3. Use the setTimeout JavaScript function to delay the execution of the focus() function

Without the use of the setTimeout function, Jaws will simply ignore the focus and will not redirect the user to the element where you want to give the focus.

The JavaScript code

$(document).ready(function () {

	$("#addNMoveFocus").click(function(e){

		AddNMoveFocus("ul#nl", "<li><b>A simple b tag inside a li tag</b></li>", "ul li:last b");
		e.preventDefault();

	});

});

function AddNMoveFocus (o1, content, o2){
	AddContent(o1, content);
	MoveFocus(o2);
}

function AddContent(o, content) {
	$(o).append(content);
}

var f; // must be declared as global
function MoveFocus(o){
	$(o).attr("tabindex", "-1");
	f = $(o).get(0);
	setTimeout("f.focus();", 0);
}

The examples

Examples listed below were tested with IE7, Jaws 7.10, Jaws 8, Jaws 9 and Jaws 10

• View the working example (with the use of setTimeout function).
• View the not working example (without the use of setTimeout function).